Skip to main content

Reference-Based Line Drawing Colorization Through Diffusion Model

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Computer Graphics (CGI 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14496))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 488 Accesses

Abstract

Line drawing colorization is an indispensable stage in the image painting process, however, traditional manual coloring requires a lot of time and energy from professional artists. With the development of deep learning techniques, attempts have been made to colorize line drawings by means of user prompts, text, etc, but these methods also seem to require some manual involvement. In this paper, we propose a reference-based colorization method for cartoon line drawings, which uses a more stable diffusion model to automatically colorize line drawings to improve the quality of the generated images. In addition, to further learn the color of the reference image and improve the quality of the colorized image, we also design a two-stage training strategy. To ensure the generality of the model, in addition to the 17,769 benchmark datasets shared on the Kaggle, we used the cartoon dataset provided by the competition in the fine-tuning stage and created a small garment dataset. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the model in reference-based automatic coloring through a large number of qualitative and quantitative experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chen, L., Wan, L.: CTUNet: automatic pancreas segmentation using a channel-wise transformer and 3d u-net. Visual Comput. 39, 1–15 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ci, Y., Ma, X., Wang, Z., Li, H., Luo, Z.: User-guided deep anime line art colorization with conditional adversarial networks. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1536–1544 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dhariwal, P., Nichol, A.: Diffusion models beat GANs on image synthesis. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 8780–8794 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dowson, D., Landau, B.: The fréchet distance between multivariate normal distributions. J. Multivar. Anal. 12(3), 450–455 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. He, M., Chen, D., Liao, J., Sander, P.V., Yuan, L.: Deep exemplar-based colorization. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 37(4), 1–16 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ho, J., Jain, A., Abbeel, P.: Denoising diffusion probabilistic models. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 33, 6840–6851 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hu, X., Zhang, J., Huang, J., Liang, J., Yu, F., Peng, T.: Virtual try-on based on attention u-net. Vis. Comput. 38(9–10), 3365–3376 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kim, H., Jhoo, H.Y., Park, E., Yoo, S.: Tag2pix: line art colorization using text tag with secat and changing loss. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 9056–9065 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kim, T.: Anime sketch colorization paired dataset from danbooru (2018). https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/ktaebum/anime-sketch-colorization-pair

  10. Lee, J., Kim, E., Lee, Y., Kim, D., Chang, J., Choo, J.: Reference-based sketch image colorization using augmented-self reference and dense semantic correspondence. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5801–5810 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Levin, A., Lischinski, D., Weiss, Y.: Colorization using optimization. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers, pp. 689–694 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Liu, X., Wu, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Wu, H.: Reference-guided structure-aware deep sketch colorization for cartoons. Comput. Visual Media 8, 135–148 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu, Y., Qin, Z., Wan, T., Luo, Z.: Auto-painter: cartoon image generation from sketch by using conditional wasserstein generative adversarial networks. Neurocomputing 311, 78–87 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nazir, A., et al.: Ecsu-net: an embedded clustering sliced u-net coupled with fusing strategy for efficient intervertebral disc segmentation and classification. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 31, 880–893 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Park, T., Liu, M.Y., Wang, T.C., Zhu, J.Y.: Semantic image synthesis with spatially-adaptive normalization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2337–2346 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Qu, Y., Wong, T.T., Heng, P.A.: Manga colorization. ACM Trans. Graph. (ToG) 25(3), 1214–1220 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Saharia, C., et al.: Palette: image-to-image diffusion models. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2022 Conference Proceedings, pp. 1–10 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Silva, F.C., de Castro, P.A.L., Júnior, H.R., Marujo, E.C.: Mangan: assisting colorization of manga characters concept art using conditional GAN. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 3257–3261. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Song, J., Meng, C., Ermon, S.: Denoising diffusion implicit models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.02502 (2020)

  20. Song, Y., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Kingma, D.P., Kumar, A., Ermon, S., Poole, B.: Score-based generative modeling through stochastic differential equations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.13456 (2020)

  21. Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wen, Y., et al.: Structure-aware motion deblurring using multi-adversarial optimized cyclegan. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 30, 6142–6155 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang, L., Ji, Y., Lin, X., Liu, C.: Style transfer for anime sketches with enhanced residual u-net and auxiliary classifier GAN. In: 2017 4th IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR), pp. 506–511. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang, Q., Wang, B., Wen, W., Li, H., Liu, J.: Line art correlation matching feature transfer network for automatic animation colorization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 3872–3881 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang, R., Isola, P., Efros, A.A.: Colorful image colorization. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9907, pp. 649–666. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46487-9_40

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang, R., et al.: Real-time user-guided image colorization with learned deep priors. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.02999 (2017)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jin Huang or Bin Sheng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

He, J. et al. (2024). Reference-Based Line Drawing Colorization Through Diffusion Model. In: Sheng, B., Bi, L., Kim, J., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Thalmann, D. (eds) Advances in Computer Graphics. CGI 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14496. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50072-5_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50072-5_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-50071-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-50072-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics